tools/image_generator/ImageGenerator.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.android.recovery.tools;

import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
import org.apache.commons.cli.GnuParser;
import org.apache.commons.cli.HelpFormatter;
import org.apache.commons.cli.OptionBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
import org.apache.commons.cli.ParseException;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.FontFormatException;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.TreeMap;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;

/** Command line tool to generate the localized image for recovery mode. */
public class ImageGenerator {
    // Initial height of the image to draw.
    private static final int INITIAL_HEIGHT = 20000;

    private static final float DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE = 40;

    // This is the canvas we used to draw texts.
    private BufferedImage mBufferedImage;

    // The width in pixels of our image. The value will be adjusted once when we calculate the
    // maximum width to fit the wrapped text strings.
    private int mImageWidth;

    // The current height in pixels of our image. We will adjust the value when drawing more texts.
    private int mImageHeight;

    // The current vertical offset in pixels to draw the top edge of new text strings.
    private int mVerticalOffset;

    // The font size to draw the texts.
    private final float mFontSize;

    // The name description of the text to localize. It's used to find the translated strings in the
    // resource file.
    private final String mTextName;

    // The directory that contains all the needed font files (e.g. ttf, otf, ttc files).
    private final String mFontDirPath;

    // Align the text in the center of the image.
    private final boolean mCenterAlignment;

    // An explicit map from language to the font name to use.
    // The map is extracted from frameworks/base/data/fonts/fonts.xml.
    // And the language-subtag-registry is found in:
    // https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry
    private static final String DEFAULT_FONT_NAME = "Roboto-Regular";
    private static final Map<String, String> LANGUAGE_TO_FONT_MAP =
            new TreeMap<String, String>() {
                {
                    put("am", "NotoSansEthiopic-Regular");
                    put("ar", "NotoNaskhArabicUI-Regular");
                    put("as", "NotoSansBengaliUI-Regular");
                    put("bn", "NotoSansBengaliUI-Regular");
                    put("fa", "NotoNaskhArabicUI-Regular");
                    put("gu", "NotoSansGujaratiUI-Regular");
                    put("hi", "NotoSansDevanagariUI-Regular");
                    put("hy", "NotoSansArmenian-Regular");
                    put("iw", "NotoSansHebrew-Regular");
                    put("ja", "NotoSansCJK-Regular");
                    put("ka", "NotoSansGeorgian-Regular");
                    put("ko", "NotoSansCJK-Regular");
                    put("km", "NotoSansKhmerUI-Regular");
                    put("kn", "NotoSansKannadaUI-Regular");
                    put("lo", "NotoSansLaoUI-Regular");
                    put("ml", "NotoSansMalayalamUI-Regular");
                    put("mr", "NotoSansDevanagariUI-Regular");
                    put("my", "NotoSansMyanmarUI-Regular");
                    put("ne", "NotoSansDevanagariUI-Regular");
                    put("or", "NotoSansOriya-Regular");
                    put("pa", "NotoSansGurmukhiUI-Regular");
                    put("si", "NotoSansSinhala-Regular");
                    put("ta", "NotoSansTamilUI-Regular");
                    put("te", "NotoSansTeluguUI-Regular");
                    put("th", "NotoSansThaiUI-Regular");
                    put("ur", "NotoNaskhArabicUI-Regular");
                    put("zh", "NotoSansCJK-Regular");
                }
            };

    // Languages that write from right to left.
    private static final Set<String> RTL_LANGUAGE =
            new HashSet<String>() {
                {
                    add("ar"); // Arabic
                    add("fa"); // Persian
                    add("he"); // Hebrew
                    add("iw"); // Hebrew
                    add("ur"); // Urdu
                }
            };

    // Languages that breaks on arbitrary characters.
    // TODO(xunchang) switch to icu library if possible. For example, for Thai and Khmer, there is
    // no space between words; and word breaking is based on grammatical analysis and on word
    // matching in dictionaries.
    private static final Set<String> LOGOGRAM_LANGUAGE =
            new HashSet<String>() {
                {
                    add("ja"); // Japanese
                    add("km"); // Khmer
                    add("ko"); // Korean
                    add("lo"); // Lao
                    add("th"); // Thai
                    add("zh"); // Chinese
                }
            };

    /** Exception to indicate the failure to find the translated text strings. */
    public static class LocalizedStringNotFoundException extends Exception {
        public LocalizedStringNotFoundException(String message) {
            super(message);
        }

        public LocalizedStringNotFoundException(String message, Throwable cause) {
            super(message, cause);
        }
    }

    /** Initailizes the fields of the image image. */
    public ImageGenerator(
            int initialImageWidth,
            String textName,
            float fontSize,
            String fontDirPath,
            boolean centerAlignment) {
        mImageWidth = initialImageWidth;
        mImageHeight = INITIAL_HEIGHT;
        mVerticalOffset = 0;

        // Initialize the canvas with the default height.
        mBufferedImage = new BufferedImage(mImageWidth, mImageHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);

        mTextName = textName;
        mFontSize = fontSize;
        mFontDirPath = fontDirPath;

        mCenterAlignment = centerAlignment;
    }

    /**
     * Finds the translated text string for the given textName by parsing the resourceFile. Example
     * of the xml fields: <resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
     * <string name="recovery_installing_security" msgid="9184031299717114342"> "Sicherheitsupdate
     * wird installiert"</string> </resources>
     *
     * @param resourceFile the input resource file in xml format.
     * @param textName the name description of the text.
     * @return the string representation of the translated text.
     */
    private String getTextString(File resourceFile, String textName)
            throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, org.xml.sax.SAXException,
                    LocalizedStringNotFoundException {
        DocumentBuilderFactory builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        DocumentBuilder db = builder.newDocumentBuilder();

        Document doc = db.parse(resourceFile);
        doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();

        NodeList nodeList = doc.getElementsByTagName("string");
        for (int i = 0; i < nodeList.getLength(); i++) {
            Node node = nodeList.item(i);
            String name = node.getAttributes().getNamedItem("name").getNodeValue();
            if (name.equals(textName)) {
                return node.getTextContent();
            }
        }

        throw new LocalizedStringNotFoundException(
                textName + " not found in " + resourceFile.getName());
    }

    /** Constructs the locale from the name of the resource file. */
    private Locale getLocaleFromFilename(String filename) throws IOException {
        // Gets the locale string by trimming the top "values-".
        String localeString = filename.substring(7);
        if (localeString.matches("[A-Za-z]+")) {
            return Locale.forLanguageTag(localeString);
        }
        if (localeString.matches("[A-Za-z]+-r[A-Za-z]+")) {
            // "${Language}-r${Region}". e.g. en-rGB
            String[] tokens = localeString.split("-r");
            return Locale.forLanguageTag(String.join("-", tokens));
        }
        if (localeString.startsWith("b+")) {
            // The special case of b+sr+Latn, which has the form "b+${Language}+${ScriptName}"
            String[] tokens = localeString.substring(2).split("\\+");
            return Locale.forLanguageTag(String.join("-", tokens));
        }

        throw new IOException("Unrecognized locale string " + localeString);
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over the xml files in the format of values-$LOCALE/strings.xml under the resource
     * directory and collect the translated text.
     *
     * @param resourcePath the path to the resource directory
     * @return a map with the locale as key, and translated text as value
     * @throws LocalizedStringNotFoundException if we cannot find the translated text for the given
     *     locale
     */
    public Map<Locale, String> readLocalizedStringFromXmls(String resourcePath)
            throws IOException, LocalizedStringNotFoundException {
        File resourceDir = new File(resourcePath);
        if (!resourceDir.isDirectory()) {
            throw new LocalizedStringNotFoundException(resourcePath + " is not a directory.");
        }

        Map<Locale, String> result =
                // Overrides the string comparator so that sr is sorted behind sr-Latn. And thus
                // recovery can find the most relevant locale when going down the list.
                new TreeMap<>(
                        (Locale l1, Locale l2) -> {
                            if (l1.toLanguageTag().equals(l2.toLanguageTag())) {
                                return 0;
                            }
                            if (l1.getLanguage().equals(l2.toLanguageTag())) {
                                return -1;
                            }
                            if (l2.getLanguage().equals(l1.toLanguageTag())) {
                                return 1;
                            }
                            return l1.toLanguageTag().compareTo(l2.toLanguageTag());
                        });

        // Find all the localized resource subdirectories in the format of values-$LOCALE
        String[] nameList =
                resourceDir.list((File file, String name) -> name.startsWith("values-"));
        for (String name : nameList) {
            File textFile = new File(resourcePath, name + "/strings.xml");
            String localizedText;
            try {
                localizedText = getTextString(textFile, mTextName);
            } catch (IOException | ParserConfigurationException | org.xml.sax.SAXException e) {
                throw new LocalizedStringNotFoundException(
                        "Failed to read the translated text for locale " + name, e);
            }

            Locale locale = getLocaleFromFilename(name);
            // Removes the double quotation mark from the text.
            result.put(locale, localizedText.substring(1, localizedText.length() - 1));
        }

        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a font object associated given the given locale
     *
     * @throws IOException if the font file fails to open
     * @throws FontFormatException if the font file doesn't have the expected format
     */
    private Font loadFontsByLocale(String language) throws IOException, FontFormatException {
        String fontName = LANGUAGE_TO_FONT_MAP.getOrDefault(language, DEFAULT_FONT_NAME);
        String[] suffixes = {".otf", ".ttf", ".ttc"};
        for (String suffix : suffixes) {
            File fontFile = new File(mFontDirPath, fontName + suffix);
            if (fontFile.isFile()) {
                return Font.createFont(Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, fontFile).deriveFont(mFontSize);
            }
        }

        throw new IOException(
                "Can not find the font file " + fontName + " for language " + language);
    }

    /** Separates the text string by spaces and wraps it by words. */
    private List<String> wrapTextByWords(String text, FontMetrics metrics) {
        List<String> wrappedText = new ArrayList<>();
        StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(text, " \n");

        StringBuilder line = new StringBuilder();
        while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
            String token = st.nextToken();
            if (metrics.stringWidth(line + token + " ") > mImageWidth) {
                wrappedText.add(line.toString());
                line = new StringBuilder();
            }
            line.append(token).append(" ");
        }
        wrappedText.add(line.toString());

        return wrappedText;
    }

    /** One character is a word for CJK. */
    private List<String> wrapTextByCharacters(String text, FontMetrics metrics) {
        List<String> wrappedText = new ArrayList<>();

        StringBuilder line = new StringBuilder();
        for (char token : text.toCharArray()) {
            if (metrics.stringWidth(line + Character.toString(token)) > mImageWidth) {
                wrappedText.add(line.toString());
                line = new StringBuilder();
            }
            line.append(token);
        }
        wrappedText.add(line.toString());

        return wrappedText;
    }

    /**
     * Wraps the text with a maximum of mImageWidth pixels per line.
     *
     * @param text the string representation of text to wrap
     * @param metrics the metrics of the Font used to draw the text; it gives the width in pixels of
     *     the text given its string representation
     * @return a list of strings with their width smaller than mImageWidth pixels
     */
    private List<String> wrapText(String text, FontMetrics metrics, String language) {
        if (LOGOGRAM_LANGUAGE.contains(language)) {
            return wrapTextByCharacters(text, metrics);
        }

        return wrapTextByWords(text, metrics);
    }

    /**
     * Encodes the information of the text image for |locale|. According to minui/resources.cpp, the
     * width, height and locale of the image is decoded as: int w = (row[1] << 8) | row[0]; int h =
     * (row[3] << 8) | row[2]; __unused int len = row[4]; char* loc =
     * reinterpret_cast<char*>(&row[5]);
     */
    private List<Integer> encodeTextInfo(int width, int height, String locale) {
        List<Integer> info =
                new ArrayList<>(
                        Arrays.asList(
                                width & 0xff,
                                width >> 8,
                                height & 0xff,
                                height >> 8,
                                locale.length()));

        byte[] localeBytes = locale.getBytes();
        for (byte b : localeBytes) {
            info.add((int) b);
        }
        info.add(0);

        return info;
    }

    /** Returns Graphics2D object that uses the given locale. */
    private Graphics2D createGraphics(Locale locale) throws IOException, FontFormatException {
        Graphics2D graphics = mBufferedImage.createGraphics();
        graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        graphics.setRenderingHint(
                RenderingHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_GASP);
        graphics.setFont(loadFontsByLocale(locale.getLanguage()));

        return graphics;
    }

    /** Returns the maximum screen width needed to fit the given text after wrapping. */
    private int measureTextWidth(String text, Locale locale)
            throws IOException, FontFormatException {
        Graphics2D graphics = createGraphics(locale);
        FontMetrics fontMetrics = graphics.getFontMetrics();
        List<String> wrappedText = wrapText(text, fontMetrics, locale.getLanguage());

        int textWidth = 0;
        for (String line : wrappedText) {
            textWidth = Math.max(textWidth, fontMetrics.stringWidth(line));
        }

        // This may happen if one single word is larger than the image width.
        if (textWidth > mImageWidth) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "Wrapped text width "
                            + textWidth
                            + " is larger than image width "
                            + mImageWidth
                            + " for locale: "
                            + locale);
        }

        return textWidth;
    }

    /**
     * Draws the text string on the canvas for given locale.
     *
     * @param text the string to draw on canvas
     * @param locale the current locale tag of the string to draw
     * @throws IOException if we cannot find the corresponding font file for the given locale.
     * @throws FontFormatException if we failed to load the font file for the given locale.
     */
    private void drawText(String text, Locale locale, String languageTag)
            throws IOException, FontFormatException {
        System.out.println("Encoding \"" + locale + "\" as \"" + languageTag + "\": " + text);

        Graphics2D graphics = createGraphics(locale);
        FontMetrics fontMetrics = graphics.getFontMetrics();
        List<String> wrappedText = wrapText(text, fontMetrics, locale.getLanguage());

        // Marks the start y offset for the text image of current locale; and reserves one line to
        // encode the image metadata.
        int currentImageStart = mVerticalOffset;
        mVerticalOffset += 1;
        for (String line : wrappedText) {
            int lineHeight = fontMetrics.getHeight();
            // Doubles the height of the image if we are short of space.
            if (mVerticalOffset + lineHeight >= mImageHeight) {
                resize(mImageWidth, mImageHeight * 2);
            }

            // Draws the text at mVerticalOffset and increments the offset with line space.
            int baseLine = mVerticalOffset + lineHeight - fontMetrics.getDescent();

            // Draws from right if it's an RTL language.
            int x =
                    mCenterAlignment
                            ? (mImageWidth - fontMetrics.stringWidth(line)) / 2
                            : RTL_LANGUAGE.contains(languageTag)
                                    ? mImageWidth - fontMetrics.stringWidth(line)
                                    : 0;

            graphics.drawString(line, x, baseLine);

            mVerticalOffset += lineHeight;
        }

        // Encodes the metadata of the current localized image as pixels.
        int currentImageHeight = mVerticalOffset - currentImageStart - 1;
        List<Integer> info = encodeTextInfo(mImageWidth, currentImageHeight, languageTag);
        for (int i = 0; i < info.size(); i++) {
            int[] pixel = {info.get(i)};
            mBufferedImage.getRaster().setPixel(i, currentImageStart, pixel);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Redraws the image with the new width and new height.
     *
     * @param width the new width of the image in pixels.
     * @param height the new height of the image in pixels.
     */
    private void resize(int width, int height) {
        BufferedImage resizedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
        Graphics2D graphic = resizedImage.createGraphics();
        graphic.drawImage(mBufferedImage, 0, 0, null);
        graphic.dispose();

        mBufferedImage = resizedImage;
        mImageWidth = width;
        mImageHeight = height;
    }

    /**
     * This function draws the font characters and saves the result to outputPath.
     *
     * @param localizedTextMap a map from locale to its translated text string
     * @param outputPath the path to write the generated image file.
     * @throws FontFormatException if there's a format error in one of the font file
     * @throws IOException if we cannot find the font file for one of the locale, or we failed to
     *     write the image file.
     */
    public void generateImage(Map<Locale, String> localizedTextMap, String outputPath)
            throws FontFormatException, IOException {
        Map<String, Integer> languageCount = new TreeMap<>();
        int textWidth = 0;
        for (Locale locale : localizedTextMap.keySet()) {
            String language = locale.getLanguage();
            languageCount.put(language, languageCount.getOrDefault(language, 0) + 1);
            textWidth = Math.max(textWidth, measureTextWidth(localizedTextMap.get(locale), locale));
        }

        // Removes the black margins to reduce the size of the image.
        resize(textWidth, mImageHeight);

        for (Locale locale : localizedTextMap.keySet()) {
            Integer count = languageCount.get(locale.getLanguage());
            // Recovery expects en-US instead of en_US.
            String languageTag = locale.toLanguageTag();
            if (count == 1) {
                // Make the last country variant for a given language be the catch-all for that
                // language.
                languageTag = locale.getLanguage();
            } else {
                languageCount.put(locale.getLanguage(), count - 1);
            }

            drawText(localizedTextMap.get(locale), locale, languageTag);
        }

        resize(mImageWidth, mVerticalOffset);
        ImageIO.write(mBufferedImage, "png", new File(outputPath));
    }

    /** Prints the helper message. */
    public static void printUsage(Options options) {
        new HelpFormatter().printHelp("java -jar path_to_jar [required_options]", options);
    }

    /** Creates the command line options. */
    public static Options createOptions() {
        Options options = new Options();
        options.addOption(
                OptionBuilder.withLongOpt("image_width")
                        .withDescription("The initial width of the image in pixels.")
                        .hasArgs(1)
                        .isRequired()
                        .create());

        options.addOption(
                OptionBuilder.withLongOpt("text_name")
                        .withDescription(
                                "The description of the text string, e.g. recovery_erasing")
                        .hasArgs(1)
                        .isRequired()
                        .create());

        options.addOption(
                OptionBuilder.withLongOpt("font_dir")
                        .withDescription(
                                "The directory that contains all the support font format files, "
                                        + "e.g. $OUT/system/fonts/")
                        .hasArgs(1)
                        .isRequired()
                        .create());

        options.addOption(
                OptionBuilder.withLongOpt("resource_dir")
                        .withDescription(
                                "The resource directory that contains all the translated strings in"
                                        + " xml format, e.g."
                                        + " bootable/recovery/tools/recovery_l10n/res/")
                        .hasArgs(1)
                        .isRequired()
                        .create());

        options.addOption(
                OptionBuilder.withLongOpt("output_file")
                        .withDescription("Path to the generated image.")
                        .hasArgs(1)
                        .isRequired()
                        .create());

        options.addOption(
                OptionBuilder.withLongOpt("center_alignment")
                        .withDescription("Align the text in the center of the screen.")
                        .hasArg(false)
                        .create());

        return options;
    }

    /** The main function parses the command line options and generates the desired text image. */
    public static void main(String[] args)
            throws NumberFormatException, IOException, FontFormatException,
                    LocalizedStringNotFoundException {
        Options options = createOptions();
        CommandLine cmd;
        try {
            cmd = new GnuParser().parse(options, args);
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            printUsage(options);
            return;
        }

        int imageWidth = Integer.parseUnsignedInt(cmd.getOptionValue("image_width"));

        ImageGenerator imageGenerator =
                new ImageGenerator(
                        imageWidth,
                        cmd.getOptionValue("text_name"),
                        DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE,
                        cmd.getOptionValue("font_dir"),
                        cmd.hasOption("center_alignment"));

        Map<Locale, String> localizedStringMap =
                imageGenerator.readLocalizedStringFromXmls(cmd.getOptionValue("resource_dir"));
        imageGenerator.generateImage(localizedStringMap, cmd.getOptionValue("output_file"));
    }
}