recovery.c

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/reboot.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "bootloader.h"
#include "common.h"
#include "cutils/properties.h"
#include "install.h"
#include "minui/minui.h"
#include "minzip/DirUtil.h"
#include "roots.h"
#include "recovery_ui.h"
#include "encryptedfs_provisioning.h"

static const struct option OPTIONS[] = {
  { "send_intent", required_argument, NULL, 's' },
  { "update_package", required_argument, NULL, 'u' },
  { "wipe_data", no_argument, NULL, 'w' },
  { "wipe_cache", no_argument, NULL, 'c' },
  { "set_encrypted_filesystems", required_argument, NULL, 'e' },
  { "show_text", no_argument, NULL, 't' },
  { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 },
};

static const char *COMMAND_FILE = "CACHE:recovery/command";
static const char *INTENT_FILE = "CACHE:recovery/intent";
static const char *LOG_FILE = "CACHE:recovery/log";
static const char *SDCARD_PACKAGE_FILE = "SDCARD:update.zip";
static const char *TEMPORARY_LOG_FILE = "/tmp/recovery.log";
static const char *SIDELOAD_TEMP_DIR = "TMP:sideload";

/*
 * The recovery tool communicates with the main system through /cache files.
 *   /cache/recovery/command - INPUT - command line for tool, one arg per line
 *   /cache/recovery/log - OUTPUT - combined log file from recovery run(s)
 *   /cache/recovery/intent - OUTPUT - intent that was passed in
 *
 * The arguments which may be supplied in the recovery.command file:
 *   --send_intent=anystring - write the text out to recovery.intent
 *   --update_package=root:path - verify install an OTA package file
 *   --wipe_data - erase user data (and cache), then reboot
 *   --wipe_cache - wipe cache (but not user data), then reboot
 *   --set_encrypted_filesystem=on|off - enables / diasables encrypted fs
 *
 * After completing, we remove /cache/recovery/command and reboot.
 * Arguments may also be supplied in the bootloader control block (BCB).
 * These important scenarios must be safely restartable at any point:
 *
 * FACTORY RESET
 * 1. user selects "factory reset"
 * 2. main system writes "--wipe_data" to /cache/recovery/command
 * 3. main system reboots into recovery
 * 4. get_args() writes BCB with "boot-recovery" and "--wipe_data"
 *    -- after this, rebooting will restart the erase --
 * 5. erase_root() reformats /data
 * 6. erase_root() reformats /cache
 * 7. finish_recovery() erases BCB
 *    -- after this, rebooting will restart the main system --
 * 8. main() calls reboot() to boot main system
 *
 * OTA INSTALL
 * 1. main system downloads OTA package to /cache/some-filename.zip
 * 2. main system writes "--update_package=CACHE:some-filename.zip"
 * 3. main system reboots into recovery
 * 4. get_args() writes BCB with "boot-recovery" and "--update_package=..."
 *    -- after this, rebooting will attempt to reinstall the update --
 * 5. install_package() attempts to install the update
 *    NOTE: the package install must itself be restartable from any point
 * 6. finish_recovery() erases BCB
 *    -- after this, rebooting will (try to) restart the main system --
 * 7. ** if install failed **
 *    7a. prompt_and_wait() shows an error icon and waits for the user
 *    7b; the user reboots (pulling the battery, etc) into the main system
 * 8. main() calls maybe_install_firmware_update()
 *    ** if the update contained radio/hboot firmware **:
 *    8a. m_i_f_u() writes BCB with "boot-recovery" and "--wipe_cache"
 *        -- after this, rebooting will reformat cache & restart main system --
 *    8b. m_i_f_u() writes firmware image into raw cache partition
 *    8c. m_i_f_u() writes BCB with "update-radio/hboot" and "--wipe_cache"
 *        -- after this, rebooting will attempt to reinstall firmware --
 *    8d. bootloader tries to flash firmware
 *    8e. bootloader writes BCB with "boot-recovery" (keeping "--wipe_cache")
 *        -- after this, rebooting will reformat cache & restart main system --
 *    8f. erase_root() reformats /cache
 *    8g. finish_recovery() erases BCB
 *        -- after this, rebooting will (try to) restart the main system --
 * 9. main() calls reboot() to boot main system
 *
 * SECURE FILE SYSTEMS ENABLE/DISABLE
 * 1. user selects "enable encrypted file systems"
 * 2. main system writes "--set_encrypted_filesystems=on|off" to
 *    /cache/recovery/command
 * 3. main system reboots into recovery
 * 4. get_args() writes BCB with "boot-recovery" and
 *    "--set_encrypted_filesystems=on|off"
 *    -- after this, rebooting will restart the transition --
 * 5. read_encrypted_fs_info() retrieves encrypted file systems settings from /data
 *    Settings include: property to specify the Encrypted FS istatus and
 *    FS encryption key if enabled (not yet implemented)
 * 6. erase_root() reformats /data
 * 7. erase_root() reformats /cache
 * 8. restore_encrypted_fs_info() writes required encrypted file systems settings to /data
 *    Settings include: property to specify the Encrypted FS status and
 *    FS encryption key if enabled (not yet implemented)
 * 9. finish_recovery() erases BCB
 *    -- after this, rebooting will restart the main system --
 * 10. main() calls reboot() to boot main system
 */

static const int MAX_ARG_LENGTH = 4096;
static const int MAX_ARGS = 100;

// open a file given in root:path format, mounting partitions as necessary
static FILE*
fopen_root_path(const char *root_path, const char *mode) {
    if (ensure_root_path_mounted(root_path) != 0) {
        LOGE("Can't mount %s\n", root_path);
        return NULL;
    }

    char path[PATH_MAX] = "";
    if (translate_root_path(root_path, path, sizeof(path)) == NULL) {
        LOGE("Bad path %s\n", root_path);
        return NULL;
    }

    // When writing, try to create the containing directory, if necessary.
    // Use generous permissions, the system (init.rc) will reset them.
    if (strchr("wa", mode[0])) dirCreateHierarchy(path, 0777, NULL, 1);

    FILE *fp = fopen(path, mode);
    return fp;
}

// close a file, log an error if the error indicator is set
static void
check_and_fclose(FILE *fp, const char *name) {
    fflush(fp);
    if (ferror(fp)) LOGE("Error in %s\n(%s)\n", name, strerror(errno));
    fclose(fp);
}

// command line args come from, in decreasing precedence:
//   - the actual command line
//   - the bootloader control block (one per line, after "recovery")
//   - the contents of COMMAND_FILE (one per line)
static void
get_args(int *argc, char ***argv) {
    struct bootloader_message boot;
    memset(&boot, 0, sizeof(boot));
    get_bootloader_message(&boot);  // this may fail, leaving a zeroed structure

    if (boot.command[0] != 0 && boot.command[0] != 255) {
        LOGI("Boot command: %.*s\n", sizeof(boot.command), boot.command);
    }

    if (boot.status[0] != 0 && boot.status[0] != 255) {
        LOGI("Boot status: %.*s\n", sizeof(boot.status), boot.status);
    }

    // --- if arguments weren't supplied, look in the bootloader control block
    if (*argc <= 1) {
        boot.recovery[sizeof(boot.recovery) - 1] = '\0';  // Ensure termination
        const char *arg = strtok(boot.recovery, "\n");
        if (arg != NULL && !strcmp(arg, "recovery")) {
            *argv = (char **) malloc(sizeof(char *) * MAX_ARGS);
            (*argv)[0] = strdup(arg);
            for (*argc = 1; *argc < MAX_ARGS; ++*argc) {
                if ((arg = strtok(NULL, "\n")) == NULL) break;
                (*argv)[*argc] = strdup(arg);
            }
            LOGI("Got arguments from boot message\n");
        } else if (boot.recovery[0] != 0 && boot.recovery[0] != 255) {
            LOGE("Bad boot message\n\"%.20s\"\n", boot.recovery);
        }
    }

    // --- if that doesn't work, try the command file
    if (*argc <= 1) {
        FILE *fp = fopen_root_path(COMMAND_FILE, "r");
        if (fp != NULL) {
            char *argv0 = (*argv)[0];
            *argv = (char **) malloc(sizeof(char *) * MAX_ARGS);
            (*argv)[0] = argv0;  // use the same program name

            char buf[MAX_ARG_LENGTH];
            for (*argc = 1; *argc < MAX_ARGS; ++*argc) {
                if (!fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) break;
                (*argv)[*argc] = strdup(strtok(buf, "\r\n"));  // Strip newline.
            }

            check_and_fclose(fp, COMMAND_FILE);
            LOGI("Got arguments from %s\n", COMMAND_FILE);
        }
    }

    // --> write the arguments we have back into the bootloader control block
    // always boot into recovery after this (until finish_recovery() is called)
    strlcpy(boot.command, "boot-recovery", sizeof(boot.command));
    strlcpy(boot.recovery, "recovery\n", sizeof(boot.recovery));
    int i;
    for (i = 1; i < *argc; ++i) {
        strlcat(boot.recovery, (*argv)[i], sizeof(boot.recovery));
        strlcat(boot.recovery, "\n", sizeof(boot.recovery));
    }
    set_bootloader_message(&boot);
}

static void
set_sdcard_update_bootloader_message() {
    struct bootloader_message boot;
    memset(&boot, 0, sizeof(boot));
    strlcpy(boot.command, "boot-recovery", sizeof(boot.command));
    strlcpy(boot.recovery, "recovery\n", sizeof(boot.recovery));
    set_bootloader_message(&boot);
}

// clear the recovery command and prepare to boot a (hopefully working) system,
// copy our log file to cache as well (for the system to read), and
// record any intent we were asked to communicate back to the system.
// this function is idempotent: call it as many times as you like.
static void
finish_recovery(const char *send_intent) {
    // By this point, we're ready to return to the main system...
    if (send_intent != NULL) {
        FILE *fp = fopen_root_path(INTENT_FILE, "w");
        if (fp == NULL) {
            LOGE("Can't open %s\n", INTENT_FILE);
        } else {
            fputs(send_intent, fp);
            check_and_fclose(fp, INTENT_FILE);
        }
    }

    // Copy logs to cache so the system can find out what happened.
    FILE *log = fopen_root_path(LOG_FILE, "a");
    if (log == NULL) {
        LOGE("Can't open %s\n", LOG_FILE);
    } else {
        FILE *tmplog = fopen(TEMPORARY_LOG_FILE, "r");
        if (tmplog == NULL) {
            LOGE("Can't open %s\n", TEMPORARY_LOG_FILE);
        } else {
            static long tmplog_offset = 0;
            fseek(tmplog, tmplog_offset, SEEK_SET);  // Since last write
            char buf[4096];
            while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), tmplog)) fputs(buf, log);
            tmplog_offset = ftell(tmplog);
            check_and_fclose(tmplog, TEMPORARY_LOG_FILE);
        }
        check_and_fclose(log, LOG_FILE);
    }

    // Reset to mormal system boot so recovery won't cycle indefinitely.
    struct bootloader_message boot;
    memset(&boot, 0, sizeof(boot));
    set_bootloader_message(&boot);

    // Remove the command file, so recovery won't repeat indefinitely.
    char path[PATH_MAX] = "";
    if (ensure_root_path_mounted(COMMAND_FILE) != 0 ||
        translate_root_path(COMMAND_FILE, path, sizeof(path)) == NULL ||
        (unlink(path) && errno != ENOENT)) {
        LOGW("Can't unlink %s\n", COMMAND_FILE);
    }

    sync();  // For good measure.
}

static int
erase_root(const char *root) {
    ui_set_background(BACKGROUND_ICON_INSTALLING);
    ui_show_indeterminate_progress();
    ui_print("Formatting %s...\n", root);
    return format_root_device(root);
}

static char*
copy_sideloaded_package(const char* original_root_path) {
  if (ensure_root_path_mounted(original_root_path) != 0) {
    LOGE("Can't mount %s\n", original_root_path);
    return NULL;
  }

  char original_path[PATH_MAX] = "";
  if (translate_root_path(original_root_path, original_path,
                          sizeof(original_path)) == NULL) {
    LOGE("Bad path %s\n", original_root_path);
    return NULL;
  }

  if (ensure_root_path_mounted(SIDELOAD_TEMP_DIR) != 0) {
    LOGE("Can't mount %s\n", SIDELOAD_TEMP_DIR);
    return NULL;
  }

  char copy_path[PATH_MAX] = "";
  if (translate_root_path(SIDELOAD_TEMP_DIR, copy_path,
                          sizeof(copy_path)) == NULL) {
    LOGE("Bad path %s\n", SIDELOAD_TEMP_DIR);
    return NULL;
  }

  if (mkdir(copy_path, 0700) != 0) {
    if (errno != EEXIST) {
      LOGE("Can't mkdir %s (%s)\n", SIDELOAD_TEMP_DIR, strerror(errno));
      return NULL;
    }
  }

  struct stat st;
  if (stat(copy_path, &st) != 0) {
    LOGE("failed to stat %s (%s)\n", copy_path, strerror(errno));
    return NULL;
  }
  if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
    LOGE("%s isn't a directory\n", copy_path);
    return NULL;
  }
  if ((st.st_mode & 0777) != 0700) {
    LOGE("%s has perms %o\n", copy_path, st.st_mode);
    return NULL;
  }
  if (st.st_uid != 0) {
    LOGE("%s owned by %lu; not root\n", copy_path, st.st_uid);
    return NULL;
  }

  strcat(copy_path, "/package.zip");

  char* buffer = malloc(BUFSIZ);
  if (buffer == NULL) {
    LOGE("Failed to allocate buffer\n");
    return NULL;
  }

  size_t read;
  FILE* fin = fopen(original_path, "rb");
  if (fin == NULL) {
    LOGE("Failed to open %s (%s)\n", original_path, strerror(errno));
    return NULL;
  }
  FILE* fout = fopen(copy_path, "wb");
  if (fout == NULL) {
    LOGE("Failed to open %s (%s)\n", copy_path, strerror(errno));
    return NULL;
  }

  while ((read = fread(buffer, 1, BUFSIZ, fin)) > 0) {
    if (fwrite(buffer, 1, read, fout) != read) {
      LOGE("Short write of %s (%s)\n", copy_path, strerror(errno));
      return NULL;
    }
  }

  free(buffer);

  if (fclose(fout) != 0) {
    LOGE("Failed to close %s (%s)\n", copy_path, strerror(errno));
    return NULL;
  }

  if (fclose(fin) != 0) {
    LOGE("Failed to close %s (%s)\n", original_path, strerror(errno));
    return NULL;
  }

  // "adb push" is happy to overwrite read-only files when it's
  // running as root, but we'll try anyway.
  if (chmod(copy_path, 0400) != 0) {
    LOGE("Failed to chmod %s (%s)\n", copy_path, strerror(errno));
    return NULL;
  }

  char* copy_root_path = malloc(strlen(SIDELOAD_TEMP_DIR) + 20);
  strcpy(copy_root_path, SIDELOAD_TEMP_DIR);
  strcat(copy_root_path, "/package.zip");
  return copy_root_path;
}

static char**
prepend_title(char** headers) {
    char* title[] = { "Android system recovery <"
                          EXPAND(RECOVERY_API_VERSION) "e>",
                      "",
                      NULL };

    // count the number of lines in our title, plus the
    // caller-provided headers.
    int count = 0;
    char** p;
    for (p = title; *p; ++p, ++count);
    for (p = headers; *p; ++p, ++count);

    char** new_headers = malloc((count+1) * sizeof(char*));
    char** h = new_headers;
    for (p = title; *p; ++p, ++h) *h = *p;
    for (p = headers; *p; ++p, ++h) *h = *p;
    *h = NULL;

    return new_headers;
}

static int
get_menu_selection(char** headers, char** items, int menu_only) {
    // throw away keys pressed previously, so user doesn't
    // accidentally trigger menu items.
    ui_clear_key_queue();

    ui_start_menu(headers, items);
    int selected = 0;
    int chosen_item = -1;

    while (chosen_item < 0) {
        int key = ui_wait_key();
        int visible = ui_text_visible();

        int action = device_handle_key(key, visible);

        if (action < 0) {
            switch (action) {
                case HIGHLIGHT_UP:
                    --selected;
                    selected = ui_menu_select(selected);
                    break;
                case HIGHLIGHT_DOWN:
                    ++selected;
                    selected = ui_menu_select(selected);
                    break;
                case SELECT_ITEM:
                    chosen_item = selected;
                    break;
                case NO_ACTION:
                    break;
            }
        } else if (!menu_only) {
            chosen_item = action;
        }
    }

    ui_end_menu();
    return chosen_item;
}

static void
wipe_data(int confirm) {
    if (confirm) {
        static char** title_headers = NULL;

        if (title_headers == NULL) {
            char* headers[] = { "Confirm wipe of all user data?",
                                "  THIS CAN NOT BE UNDONE.",
                                "",
                                NULL };
            title_headers = prepend_title(headers);
        }

        char* items[] = { " No",
                          " No",
                          " No",
                          " No",
                          " No",
                          " No",
                          " No",
                          " Yes -- delete all user data",   // [7]
                          " No",
                          " No",
                          " No",
                          NULL };

        int chosen_item = get_menu_selection(title_headers, items, 1);
        if (chosen_item != 7) {
            return;
        }
    }

    ui_print("\n-- Wiping data...\n");
    device_wipe_data();
    erase_root("DATA:");
    erase_root("CACHE:");
    ui_print("Data wipe complete.\n");
}

static void
prompt_and_wait() {
    char** headers = prepend_title(MENU_HEADERS);

    for (;;) {
        finish_recovery(NULL);
        ui_reset_progress();

        int chosen_item = get_menu_selection(headers, MENU_ITEMS, 0);

        // device-specific code may take some action here.  It may
        // return one of the core actions handled in the switch
        // statement below.
        chosen_item = device_perform_action(chosen_item);

        switch (chosen_item) {
            case ITEM_REBOOT:
                return;

            case ITEM_WIPE_DATA:
                wipe_data(ui_text_visible());
                if (!ui_text_visible()) return;
                break;

            case ITEM_WIPE_CACHE:
                ui_print("\n-- Wiping cache...\n");
                erase_root("CACHE:");
                ui_print("Cache wipe complete.\n");
                if (!ui_text_visible()) return;
                break;

            case ITEM_APPLY_SDCARD:
                ui_print("\n-- Install from sdcard...\n");
                int status = INSTALL_CORRUPT;
                char* copy = copy_sideloaded_package(SDCARD_PACKAGE_FILE);
                if (copy != NULL) {
                  set_sdcard_update_bootloader_message();
                  status = install_package(copy);
                  free(copy);
                }
                if (status != INSTALL_SUCCESS) {
                    ui_set_background(BACKGROUND_ICON_ERROR);
                    ui_print("Installation aborted.\n");
                } else if (!ui_text_visible()) {
                    return;  // reboot if logs aren't visible
                } else {
                    ui_print("\nInstall from sdcard complete.\n");
                }
                break;
        }
    }
}

static void
print_property(const char *key, const char *name, void *cookie) {
    fprintf(stderr, "%s=%s\n", key, name);
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv) {
    time_t start = time(NULL);

    // If these fail, there's not really anywhere to complain...
    freopen(TEMPORARY_LOG_FILE, "a", stdout); setbuf(stdout, NULL);
    freopen(TEMPORARY_LOG_FILE, "a", stderr); setbuf(stderr, NULL);
    fprintf(stderr, "Starting recovery on %s", ctime(&start));

    ui_init();
    get_args(&argc, &argv);

    int previous_runs = 0;
    const char *send_intent = NULL;
    const char *update_package = NULL;
    const char *encrypted_fs_mode = NULL;
    int wipe_data = 0, wipe_cache = 0;
    int toggle_secure_fs = 0;
    encrypted_fs_info encrypted_fs_data;

    int arg;
    while ((arg = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", OPTIONS, NULL)) != -1) {
        switch (arg) {
        case 'p': previous_runs = atoi(optarg); break;
        case 's': send_intent = optarg; break;
        case 'u': update_package = optarg; break;
        case 'w': wipe_data = wipe_cache = 1; break;
        case 'c': wipe_cache = 1; break;
        case 'e': encrypted_fs_mode = optarg; toggle_secure_fs = 1; break;
        case 't': ui_show_text(1); break;
        case '?':
            LOGE("Invalid command argument\n");
            continue;
        }
    }

    device_recovery_start();

    fprintf(stderr, "Command:");
    for (arg = 0; arg < argc; arg++) {
        fprintf(stderr, " \"%s\"", argv[arg]);
    }
    fprintf(stderr, "\n\n");

    property_list(print_property, NULL);
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");

    int status = INSTALL_SUCCESS;

    if (toggle_secure_fs) {
        if (strcmp(encrypted_fs_mode,"on") == 0) {
            encrypted_fs_data.mode = MODE_ENCRYPTED_FS_ENABLED;
            ui_print("Enabling Encrypted FS.\n");
        } else if (strcmp(encrypted_fs_mode,"off") == 0) {
            encrypted_fs_data.mode = MODE_ENCRYPTED_FS_DISABLED;
            ui_print("Disabling Encrypted FS.\n");
        } else {
            ui_print("Error: invalid Encrypted FS setting.\n");
            status = INSTALL_ERROR;
        }

        // Recovery strategy: if the data partition is damaged, disable encrypted file systems.
        // This preventsthe device recycling endlessly in recovery mode.
        if ((encrypted_fs_data.mode == MODE_ENCRYPTED_FS_ENABLED) &&
                (read_encrypted_fs_info(&encrypted_fs_data))) {
            ui_print("Encrypted FS change aborted, resetting to disabled state.\n");
            encrypted_fs_data.mode = MODE_ENCRYPTED_FS_DISABLED;
        }

        if (status != INSTALL_ERROR) {
            if (erase_root("DATA:")) {
                ui_print("Data wipe failed.\n");
                status = INSTALL_ERROR;
            } else if (erase_root("CACHE:")) {
                ui_print("Cache wipe failed.\n");
                status = INSTALL_ERROR;
            } else if ((encrypted_fs_data.mode == MODE_ENCRYPTED_FS_ENABLED) &&
                      (restore_encrypted_fs_info(&encrypted_fs_data))) {
                ui_print("Encrypted FS change aborted.\n");
                status = INSTALL_ERROR;
            } else {
                ui_print("Successfully updated Encrypted FS.\n");
                status = INSTALL_SUCCESS;
            }
        }
    } else if (update_package != NULL) {
        status = install_package(update_package);
        if (status != INSTALL_SUCCESS) ui_print("Installation aborted.\n");
    } else if (wipe_data) {
        if (device_wipe_data()) status = INSTALL_ERROR;
        if (erase_root("DATA:")) status = INSTALL_ERROR;
        if (wipe_cache && erase_root("CACHE:")) status = INSTALL_ERROR;
        if (status != INSTALL_SUCCESS) ui_print("Data wipe failed.\n");
    } else if (wipe_cache) {
        if (wipe_cache && erase_root("CACHE:")) status = INSTALL_ERROR;
        if (status != INSTALL_SUCCESS) ui_print("Cache wipe failed.\n");
    } else {
        status = INSTALL_ERROR;  // No command specified
    }

    if (status != INSTALL_SUCCESS) ui_set_background(BACKGROUND_ICON_ERROR);
    if (status != INSTALL_SUCCESS || ui_text_visible()) prompt_and_wait();

    // Otherwise, get ready to boot the main system...
    finish_recovery(send_intent);
    ui_print("Rebooting...\n");
    sync();
    reboot(RB_AUTOBOOT);
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}