diff --git a/applypatch/Android.mk b/applypatch/Android.mk
index 61e1106..ec3c6ee 100644
--- a/applypatch/Android.mk
+++ b/applypatch/Android.mk
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@
 
 libimgdiff_static_libraries := \
     libbsdiff \
+    libbase \
     libz
 
 # libimgdiff (static library)
diff --git a/applypatch/imgdiff.cpp b/applypatch/imgdiff.cpp
index 18a15a1..62de726 100644
--- a/applypatch/imgdiff.cpp
+++ b/applypatch/imgdiff.cpp
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@
 #include "applypatch/imgdiff.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -131,6 +132,9 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
 #include <bsdiff.h>
 #include <zlib.h>
 
@@ -382,19 +386,12 @@
   }
 
   size_t sz = static_cast<size_t>(st.st_size);
-  unsigned char* img = static_cast<unsigned char*>(malloc(sz + 4));
-  FILE* f = fopen(filename, "rb");
-  if (fread(img, 1, sz, f) != sz) {
+  unsigned char* img = static_cast<unsigned char*>(malloc(sz));
+  android::base::unique_fd fd(open(filename, O_RDONLY));
+  if (!android::base::ReadFully(fd, img, sz)) {
     printf("failed to read \"%s\" %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
-    fclose(f);
-    return NULL;
+    return nullptr;
   }
-  fclose(f);
-
-  // append 4 zero bytes to the data so we can always search for the
-  // four-byte string 1f8b0800 starting at any point in the actual
-  // file data, without special-casing the end of the data.
-  memset(img+sz, 0, 4);
 
   size_t pos = 0;
 
@@ -518,10 +515,8 @@
       curr->data = p;
 
       for (curr->len = 0; curr->len < (sz - pos); ++curr->len) {
-        if (p[curr->len] == 0x1f &&
-            p[curr->len+1] == 0x8b &&
-            p[curr->len+2] == 0x08 &&
-            p[curr->len+3] == 0x00) {
+        if (sz - pos >= 4 && p[curr->len] == 0x1f && p[curr->len + 1] == 0x8b &&
+            p[curr->len + 2] == 0x08 && p[curr->len + 3] == 0x00) {
           break;
         }
       }
diff --git a/etc/init.rc b/etc/init.rc
index b1473ba..477e13d 100644
--- a/etc/init.rc
+++ b/etc/init.rc
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
     write /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count 1000000
 
 on fs
+    write /sys/class/android_usb/android0/f_ffs/aliases adb
     mkdir /dev/usb-ffs 0770 shell shell
     mkdir /dev/usb-ffs/adb 0770 shell shell
     mount functionfs adb /dev/usb-ffs/adb uid=2000,gid=2000
@@ -37,7 +38,6 @@
     write /sys/class/android_usb/android0/enable 0
     write /sys/class/android_usb/android0/idVendor 18D1
     write /sys/class/android_usb/android0/idProduct D001
-    write /sys/class/android_usb/android0/f_ffs/aliases adb
     write /sys/class/android_usb/android0/functions adb
     write /sys/class/android_usb/android0/iManufacturer ${ro.product.manufacturer}
     write /sys/class/android_usb/android0/iProduct ${ro.product.model}
diff --git a/recovery.cpp b/recovery.cpp
index b7aeaee..5888c54 100644
--- a/recovery.cpp
+++ b/recovery.cpp
@@ -1506,11 +1506,10 @@
     Device* device = make_device();
     ui = device->GetUI();
 
-    if (!ui->Init()) {
+    if (!ui->Init(locale)) {
       printf("Failed to initialize UI, use stub UI instead.");
       ui = new StubRecoveryUI();
     }
-    ui->SetLocale(locale.c_str());
     // Set background string to "installing security update" for security update,
     // otherwise set it to "installing system update".
     ui->SetSystemUpdateText(security_update);
diff --git a/screen_ui.cpp b/screen_ui.cpp
index 5b9e5a5..706877b 100644
--- a/screen_ui.cpp
+++ b/screen_ui.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
@@ -51,37 +52,34 @@
     return tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec / 1000000.0;
 }
 
-ScreenRecoveryUI::ScreenRecoveryUI() :
-    currentIcon(NONE),
-    locale(nullptr),
-    progressBarType(EMPTY),
-    progressScopeStart(0),
-    progressScopeSize(0),
-    progress(0),
-    pagesIdentical(false),
-    text_cols_(0),
-    text_rows_(0),
-    text_(nullptr),
-    text_col_(0),
-    text_row_(0),
-    text_top_(0),
-    show_text(false),
-    show_text_ever(false),
-    menu_(nullptr),
-    show_menu(false),
-    menu_items(0),
-    menu_sel(0),
-    file_viewer_text_(nullptr),
-    intro_frames(0),
-    loop_frames(0),
-    current_frame(0),
-    intro_done(false),
-    animation_fps(30), // TODO: there's currently no way to infer this.
-    stage(-1),
-    max_stage(-1),
-    updateMutex(PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER),
-    rtl_locale(false) {
-}
+ScreenRecoveryUI::ScreenRecoveryUI()
+    : currentIcon(NONE),
+      progressBarType(EMPTY),
+      progressScopeStart(0),
+      progressScopeSize(0),
+      progress(0),
+      pagesIdentical(false),
+      text_cols_(0),
+      text_rows_(0),
+      text_(nullptr),
+      text_col_(0),
+      text_row_(0),
+      text_top_(0),
+      show_text(false),
+      show_text_ever(false),
+      menu_(nullptr),
+      show_menu(false),
+      menu_items(0),
+      menu_sel(0),
+      file_viewer_text_(nullptr),
+      intro_frames(0),
+      loop_frames(0),
+      current_frame(0),
+      intro_done(false),
+      animation_fps(30),  // TODO: there's currently no way to infer this.
+      stage(-1),
+      max_stage(-1),
+      updateMutex(PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER) {}
 
 GRSurface* ScreenRecoveryUI::GetCurrentFrame() {
     if (currentIcon == INSTALLING_UPDATE || currentIcon == ERASING) {
@@ -175,51 +173,50 @@
 // Does not flip pages.
 // Should only be called with updateMutex locked.
 void ScreenRecoveryUI::draw_foreground_locked() {
-    if (currentIcon != NONE) {
-        GRSurface* frame = GetCurrentFrame();
-        int frame_width = gr_get_width(frame);
-        int frame_height = gr_get_height(frame);
-        int frame_x = (gr_fb_width() - frame_width) / 2;
-        int frame_y = GetAnimationBaseline();
-        gr_blit(frame, 0, 0, frame_width, frame_height, frame_x, frame_y);
-    }
+  if (currentIcon != NONE) {
+    GRSurface* frame = GetCurrentFrame();
+    int frame_width = gr_get_width(frame);
+    int frame_height = gr_get_height(frame);
+    int frame_x = (gr_fb_width() - frame_width) / 2;
+    int frame_y = GetAnimationBaseline();
+    gr_blit(frame, 0, 0, frame_width, frame_height, frame_x, frame_y);
+  }
 
-    if (progressBarType != EMPTY) {
-        int width = gr_get_width(progressBarEmpty);
-        int height = gr_get_height(progressBarEmpty);
+  if (progressBarType != EMPTY) {
+    int width = gr_get_width(progressBarEmpty);
+    int height = gr_get_height(progressBarEmpty);
 
-        int progress_x = (gr_fb_width() - width)/2;
-        int progress_y = GetProgressBaseline();
+    int progress_x = (gr_fb_width() - width) / 2;
+    int progress_y = GetProgressBaseline();
 
-        // Erase behind the progress bar (in case this was a progress-only update)
-        gr_color(0, 0, 0, 255);
-        gr_fill(progress_x, progress_y, width, height);
+    // Erase behind the progress bar (in case this was a progress-only update)
+    gr_color(0, 0, 0, 255);
+    gr_fill(progress_x, progress_y, width, height);
 
-        if (progressBarType == DETERMINATE) {
-            float p = progressScopeStart + progress * progressScopeSize;
-            int pos = (int) (p * width);
+    if (progressBarType == DETERMINATE) {
+      float p = progressScopeStart + progress * progressScopeSize;
+      int pos = static_cast<int>(p * width);
 
-            if (rtl_locale) {
-                // Fill the progress bar from right to left.
-                if (pos > 0) {
-                    gr_blit(progressBarFill, width-pos, 0, pos, height,
-                            progress_x+width-pos, progress_y);
-                }
-                if (pos < width-1) {
-                    gr_blit(progressBarEmpty, 0, 0, width-pos, height, progress_x, progress_y);
-                }
-            } else {
-                // Fill the progress bar from left to right.
-                if (pos > 0) {
-                    gr_blit(progressBarFill, 0, 0, pos, height, progress_x, progress_y);
-                }
-                if (pos < width-1) {
-                    gr_blit(progressBarEmpty, pos, 0, width-pos, height,
-                            progress_x+pos, progress_y);
-                }
-            }
+      if (rtl_locale_) {
+        // Fill the progress bar from right to left.
+        if (pos > 0) {
+          gr_blit(progressBarFill, width - pos, 0, pos, height, progress_x + width - pos,
+                  progress_y);
         }
+        if (pos < width - 1) {
+          gr_blit(progressBarEmpty, 0, 0, width - pos, height, progress_x, progress_y);
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Fill the progress bar from left to right.
+        if (pos > 0) {
+          gr_blit(progressBarFill, 0, 0, pos, height, progress_x, progress_y);
+        }
+        if (pos < width - 1) {
+          gr_blit(progressBarEmpty, pos, 0, width - pos, height, progress_x + pos, progress_y);
+        }
+      }
     }
+  }
 }
 
 void ScreenRecoveryUI::SetColor(UIElement e) {
@@ -423,10 +420,10 @@
 }
 
 void ScreenRecoveryUI::LoadLocalizedBitmap(const char* filename, GRSurface** surface) {
-    int result = res_create_localized_alpha_surface(filename, locale, surface);
-    if (result < 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "couldn't load bitmap " << filename << " (error " << result << ")";
-    }
+  int result = res_create_localized_alpha_surface(filename, locale_.c_str(), surface);
+  if (result < 0) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "couldn't load bitmap " << filename << " (error " << result << ")";
+  }
 }
 
 static char** Alloc2d(size_t rows, size_t cols) {
@@ -459,47 +456,47 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool ScreenRecoveryUI::Init() {
-    RecoveryUI::Init();
-    if (!InitTextParams()) {
-      return false;
-    }
+bool ScreenRecoveryUI::Init(const std::string& locale) {
+  RecoveryUI::Init(locale);
+  if (!InitTextParams()) {
+    return false;
+  }
 
-    density_ = static_cast<float>(android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.sf.lcd_density", 160)) / 160.f;
+  density_ = static_cast<float>(android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.sf.lcd_density", 160)) / 160.f;
 
-    // Are we portrait or landscape?
-    layout_ = (gr_fb_width() > gr_fb_height()) ? LANDSCAPE : PORTRAIT;
-    // Are we the large variant of our base layout?
-    if (gr_fb_height() > PixelsFromDp(800)) ++layout_;
+  // Are we portrait or landscape?
+  layout_ = (gr_fb_width() > gr_fb_height()) ? LANDSCAPE : PORTRAIT;
+  // Are we the large variant of our base layout?
+  if (gr_fb_height() > PixelsFromDp(800)) ++layout_;
 
-    text_ = Alloc2d(text_rows_, text_cols_ + 1);
-    file_viewer_text_ = Alloc2d(text_rows_, text_cols_ + 1);
-    menu_ = Alloc2d(text_rows_, text_cols_ + 1);
+  text_ = Alloc2d(text_rows_, text_cols_ + 1);
+  file_viewer_text_ = Alloc2d(text_rows_, text_cols_ + 1);
+  menu_ = Alloc2d(text_rows_, text_cols_ + 1);
 
-    text_col_ = text_row_ = 0;
-    text_top_ = 1;
+  text_col_ = text_row_ = 0;
+  text_top_ = 1;
 
-    LoadBitmap("icon_error", &error_icon);
+  LoadBitmap("icon_error", &error_icon);
 
-    LoadBitmap("progress_empty", &progressBarEmpty);
-    LoadBitmap("progress_fill", &progressBarFill);
+  LoadBitmap("progress_empty", &progressBarEmpty);
+  LoadBitmap("progress_fill", &progressBarFill);
 
-    LoadBitmap("stage_empty", &stageMarkerEmpty);
-    LoadBitmap("stage_fill", &stageMarkerFill);
+  LoadBitmap("stage_empty", &stageMarkerEmpty);
+  LoadBitmap("stage_fill", &stageMarkerFill);
 
-    // Background text for "installing_update" could be "installing update"
-    // or "installing security update". It will be set after UI init according
-    // to commands in BCB.
-    installing_text = nullptr;
-    LoadLocalizedBitmap("erasing_text", &erasing_text);
-    LoadLocalizedBitmap("no_command_text", &no_command_text);
-    LoadLocalizedBitmap("error_text", &error_text);
+  // Background text for "installing_update" could be "installing update"
+  // or "installing security update". It will be set after UI init according
+  // to commands in BCB.
+  installing_text = nullptr;
+  LoadLocalizedBitmap("erasing_text", &erasing_text);
+  LoadLocalizedBitmap("no_command_text", &no_command_text);
+  LoadLocalizedBitmap("error_text", &error_text);
 
-    LoadAnimation();
+  LoadAnimation();
 
-    pthread_create(&progress_thread_, nullptr, ProgressThreadStartRoutine, this);
+  pthread_create(&progress_thread_, nullptr, ProgressThreadStartRoutine, this);
 
-    return true;
+  return true;
 }
 
 void ScreenRecoveryUI::LoadAnimation() {
@@ -539,31 +536,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-void ScreenRecoveryUI::SetLocale(const char* new_locale) {
-    this->locale = new_locale;
-    this->rtl_locale = false;
-
-    if (locale) {
-        char* lang = strdup(locale);
-        for (char* p = lang; *p; ++p) {
-            if (*p == '_') {
-                *p = '\0';
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // A bit cheesy: keep an explicit list of supported RTL languages.
-        if (strcmp(lang, "ar") == 0 ||   // Arabic
-            strcmp(lang, "fa") == 0 ||   // Persian (Farsi)
-            strcmp(lang, "he") == 0 ||   // Hebrew (new language code)
-            strcmp(lang, "iw") == 0 ||   // Hebrew (old language code)
-            strcmp(lang, "ur") == 0) {   // Urdu
-            rtl_locale = true;
-        }
-        free(lang);
-    }
-}
-
 void ScreenRecoveryUI::SetBackground(Icon icon) {
     pthread_mutex_lock(&updateMutex);
 
diff --git a/screen_ui.h b/screen_ui.h
index 38e2f07..3ad6490 100644
--- a/screen_ui.h
+++ b/screen_ui.h
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
+#include <string>
+
 #include "ui.h"
 #include "minui/minui.h"
 
@@ -29,8 +31,7 @@
   public:
     ScreenRecoveryUI();
 
-    bool Init() override;
-    void SetLocale(const char* locale);
+    bool Init(const std::string& locale) override;
 
     // overall recovery state ("background image")
     void SetBackground(Icon icon);
@@ -71,8 +72,6 @@
   protected:
     Icon currentIcon;
 
-    const char* locale;
-
     // The scale factor from dp to pixels. 1.0 for mdpi, 4.0 for xxxhdpi.
     float density_;
     // The layout to use.
@@ -135,7 +134,6 @@
     int char_width_;
     int char_height_;
     pthread_mutex_t updateMutex;
-    bool rtl_locale;
 
     virtual bool InitTextParams();
 
diff --git a/stub_ui.h b/stub_ui.h
index 1219b28..85dbcfd 100644
--- a/stub_ui.h
+++ b/stub_ui.h
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
  public:
   StubRecoveryUI() = default;
 
-  void SetLocale(const char* locale) override {}
-
   void SetBackground(Icon icon) override {}
   void SetSystemUpdateText(bool security_update) override {}
 
diff --git a/tests/component/imgdiff_test.cpp b/tests/component/imgdiff_test.cpp
index 3711859..7ad3307 100644
--- a/tests/component/imgdiff_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/component/imgdiff_test.cpp
@@ -404,6 +404,86 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(tgt, patched);
 }
 
+TEST(ImgdiffTest, image_mode_short_input1) {
+  // src: "abcdefgh" + '0x1f8b0b'.
+  const std::vector<char> src_data = { 'a', 'b', 'c',    'd',    'e',   'f',
+                                       'g', 'h', '\x1f', '\x8b', '\x08' };
+  const std::string src(src_data.cbegin(), src_data.cend());
+  TemporaryFile src_file;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile(src, src_file.path));
+
+  // tgt: "abcdefgxyz".
+  const std::vector<char> tgt_data = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'x', 'y', 'z' };
+  const std::string tgt(tgt_data.cbegin(), tgt_data.cend());
+  TemporaryFile tgt_file;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile(tgt, tgt_file.path));
+
+  TemporaryFile patch_file;
+  std::vector<const char*> args = {
+    "imgdiff", src_file.path, tgt_file.path, patch_file.path,
+  };
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, imgdiff(args.size(), args.data()));
+
+  // Verify.
+  std::string patch;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFileToString(patch_file.path, &patch));
+
+  // Expect one CHUNK_RAW (header) entry.
+  size_t num_normal;
+  size_t num_raw;
+  size_t num_deflate;
+  verify_patch_header(patch, &num_normal, &num_raw, &num_deflate);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, num_normal);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, num_deflate);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, num_raw);
+
+  std::string patched;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, ApplyImagePatch(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(src.data()), src.size(),
+                               reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(patch.data()), patch.size(),
+                               MemorySink, &patched));
+  ASSERT_EQ(tgt, patched);
+}
+
+TEST(ImgdiffTest, image_mode_short_input2) {
+  // src: "abcdefgh" + '0x1f8b0b00'.
+  const std::vector<char> src_data = { 'a', 'b', 'c',    'd',    'e',    'f',
+                                       'g', 'h', '\x1f', '\x8b', '\x08', '\x00' };
+  const std::string src(src_data.cbegin(), src_data.cend());
+  TemporaryFile src_file;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile(src, src_file.path));
+
+  // tgt: "abcdefgxyz".
+  const std::vector<char> tgt_data = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'x', 'y', 'z' };
+  const std::string tgt(tgt_data.cbegin(), tgt_data.cend());
+  TemporaryFile tgt_file;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile(tgt, tgt_file.path));
+
+  TemporaryFile patch_file;
+  std::vector<const char*> args = {
+    "imgdiff", src_file.path, tgt_file.path, patch_file.path,
+  };
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, imgdiff(args.size(), args.data()));
+
+  // Verify.
+  std::string patch;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFileToString(patch_file.path, &patch));
+
+  // Expect one CHUNK_RAW (header) entry.
+  size_t num_normal;
+  size_t num_raw;
+  size_t num_deflate;
+  verify_patch_header(patch, &num_normal, &num_raw, &num_deflate);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, num_normal);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, num_deflate);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, num_raw);
+
+  std::string patched;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, ApplyImagePatch(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(src.data()), src.size(),
+                               reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(patch.data()), patch.size(),
+                               MemorySink, &patched));
+  ASSERT_EQ(tgt, patched);
+}
+
 TEST(ImgdiffTest, image_mode_single_entry_long) {
   // src: "abcdefgh" + '0x1f8b0b00' + some bytes.
   const std::vector<char> src_data = { 'a',    'b',    'c',    'd',    'e',    'f',    'g',
diff --git a/tests/component/verifier_test.cpp b/tests/component/verifier_test.cpp
index 33aadb3..b740af9 100644
--- a/tests/component/verifier_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/component/verifier_test.cpp
@@ -40,38 +40,44 @@
 RecoveryUI* ui = NULL;
 
 class MockUI : public RecoveryUI {
-    bool Init() { return true; }
-    void SetStage(int, int) { }
-    void SetLocale(const char*) { }
-    void SetBackground(Icon /*icon*/) { }
-    void SetSystemUpdateText(bool /*security_update*/) { }
+  bool Init(const std::string&) override {
+    return true;
+  }
+  void SetStage(int, int) override {}
+  void SetBackground(Icon /*icon*/) override {}
+  void SetSystemUpdateText(bool /*security_update*/) override {}
 
-    void SetProgressType(ProgressType /*determinate*/) { }
-    void ShowProgress(float /*portion*/, float /*seconds*/) { }
-    void SetProgress(float /*fraction*/) { }
+  void SetProgressType(ProgressType /*determinate*/) override {}
+  void ShowProgress(float /*portion*/, float /*seconds*/) override {}
+  void SetProgress(float /*fraction*/) override {}
 
-    void ShowText(bool /*visible*/) { }
-    bool IsTextVisible() { return false; }
-    bool WasTextEverVisible() { return false; }
-    void Print(const char* fmt, ...) {
-        va_list ap;
-        va_start(ap, fmt);
-        vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
-        va_end(ap);
-    }
-    void PrintOnScreenOnly(const char* fmt, ...) {
-        va_list ap;
-        va_start(ap, fmt);
-        vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
-        va_end(ap);
-    }
-    void ShowFile(const char*) { }
+  void ShowText(bool /*visible*/) override {}
+  bool IsTextVisible() override {
+    return false;
+  }
+  bool WasTextEverVisible() override {
+    return false;
+  }
+  void Print(const char* fmt, ...) override {
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap, fmt);
+    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+  }
+  void PrintOnScreenOnly(const char* fmt, ...) override {
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap, fmt);
+    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+  }
+  void ShowFile(const char*) override {}
 
-    void StartMenu(const char* const* /*headers*/,
-                   const char* const* /*items*/,
-                   int /*initial_selection*/) { }
-    int SelectMenu(int /*sel*/) { return 0; }
-    void EndMenu() { }
+  void StartMenu(const char* const* /*headers*/, const char* const* /*items*/,
+                 int /*initial_selection*/) override {}
+  int SelectMenu(int /*sel*/) override {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  void EndMenu() override {}
 };
 
 void
diff --git a/ui.cpp b/ui.cpp
index 2d80c38..f31660d 100644
--- a/ui.cpp
+++ b/ui.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "ui.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <linux/input.h>
@@ -28,6 +30,8 @@
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <string>
+
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
 
@@ -35,25 +39,25 @@
 #include "roots.h"
 #include "device.h"
 #include "minui/minui.h"
-#include "screen_ui.h"
-#include "ui.h"
 
 #define UI_WAIT_KEY_TIMEOUT_SEC    120
 
 RecoveryUI::RecoveryUI()
-        : key_queue_len(0),
-          key_last_down(-1),
-          key_long_press(false),
-          key_down_count(0),
-          enable_reboot(true),
-          consecutive_power_keys(0),
-          last_key(-1),
-          has_power_key(false),
-          has_up_key(false),
-          has_down_key(false) {
-    pthread_mutex_init(&key_queue_mutex, nullptr);
-    pthread_cond_init(&key_queue_cond, nullptr);
-    memset(key_pressed, 0, sizeof(key_pressed));
+    : locale_(""),
+      rtl_locale_(false),
+      key_queue_len(0),
+      key_last_down(-1),
+      key_long_press(false),
+      key_down_count(0),
+      enable_reboot(true),
+      consecutive_power_keys(0),
+      last_key(-1),
+      has_power_key(false),
+      has_up_key(false),
+      has_down_key(false) {
+  pthread_mutex_init(&key_queue_mutex, nullptr);
+  pthread_cond_init(&key_queue_cond, nullptr);
+  memset(key_pressed, 0, sizeof(key_pressed));
 }
 
 void RecoveryUI::OnKeyDetected(int key_code) {
@@ -80,13 +84,16 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-bool RecoveryUI::Init() {
-    ev_init(InputCallback, this);
+bool RecoveryUI::Init(const std::string& locale) {
+  // Set up the locale info.
+  SetLocale(locale);
 
-    ev_iterate_available_keys(std::bind(&RecoveryUI::OnKeyDetected, this, std::placeholders::_1));
+  ev_init(InputCallback, this);
 
-    pthread_create(&input_thread_, nullptr, InputThreadLoop, nullptr);
-    return true;
+  ev_iterate_available_keys(std::bind(&RecoveryUI::OnKeyDetected, this, std::placeholders::_1));
+
+  pthread_create(&input_thread_, nullptr, InputThreadLoop, nullptr);
+  return true;
 }
 
 int RecoveryUI::OnInputEvent(int fd, uint32_t epevents) {
@@ -338,3 +345,23 @@
     enable_reboot = enabled;
     pthread_mutex_unlock(&key_queue_mutex);
 }
+
+void RecoveryUI::SetLocale(const std::string& new_locale) {
+  this->locale_ = new_locale;
+  this->rtl_locale_ = false;
+
+  if (!new_locale.empty()) {
+    size_t underscore = new_locale.find('_');
+    // lang has the language prefix prior to '_', or full string if '_' doesn't exist.
+    std::string lang = new_locale.substr(0, underscore);
+
+    // A bit cheesy: keep an explicit list of supported RTL languages.
+    if (lang == "ar" ||  // Arabic
+        lang == "fa" ||  // Persian (Farsi)
+        lang == "he" ||  // Hebrew (new language code)
+        lang == "iw" ||  // Hebrew (old language code)
+        lang == "ur") {  // Urdu
+      rtl_locale_ = true;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/ui.h b/ui.h
index be95a4e..8493c6f 100644
--- a/ui.h
+++ b/ui.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <time.h>
 
+#include <string>
+
 // Abstract class for controlling the user interface during recovery.
 class RecoveryUI {
   public:
@@ -28,14 +30,13 @@
 
     virtual ~RecoveryUI() { }
 
-    // Initialize the object; called before anything else. Returns true on success.
-    virtual bool Init();
+    // Initialize the object; called before anything else. UI texts will be
+    // initialized according to the given locale. Returns true on success.
+    virtual bool Init(const std::string& locale);
+
     // Show a stage indicator.  Call immediately after Init().
     virtual void SetStage(int current, int max) = 0;
 
-    // After calling Init(), you can tell the UI what locale it is operating in.
-    virtual void SetLocale(const char* locale) = 0;
-
     // Set the overall recovery state ("background image").
     enum Icon { NONE, INSTALLING_UPDATE, ERASING, NO_COMMAND, ERROR };
     virtual void SetBackground(Icon icon) = 0;
@@ -122,10 +123,14 @@
     // statements will be displayed.
     virtual void EndMenu() = 0;
 
-protected:
+  protected:
     void EnqueueKey(int key_code);
 
-private:
+    // The locale that's used to show the rendered texts.
+    std::string locale_;
+    bool rtl_locale_;
+
+  private:
     // Key event input queue
     pthread_mutex_t key_queue_mutex;
     pthread_cond_t key_queue_cond;
@@ -162,6 +167,8 @@
 
     static void* time_key_helper(void* cookie);
     void time_key(int key_code, int count);
+
+    void SetLocale(const std::string&);
 };
 
 #endif  // RECOVERY_UI_H
diff --git a/updater/blockimg.cpp b/updater/blockimg.cpp
index 696c1bb..6755d78 100644
--- a/updater/blockimg.cpp
+++ b/updater/blockimg.cpp
@@ -63,83 +63,82 @@
 static constexpr mode_t STASH_FILE_MODE = 0600;
 
 struct RangeSet {
-    size_t count;             // Limit is INT_MAX.
-    size_t size;
-    std::vector<size_t> pos;  // Actual limit is INT_MAX.
+  size_t count;  // Limit is INT_MAX.
+  size_t size;
+  std::vector<size_t> pos;  // Actual limit is INT_MAX.
 };
 
 static CauseCode failure_type = kNoCause;
 static bool is_retry = false;
 static std::unordered_map<std::string, RangeSet> stash_map;
 
-static void parse_range(const std::string& range_text, RangeSet& rs) {
+static RangeSet parse_range(const std::string& range_text) {
+  RangeSet rs;
 
-    std::vector<std::string> pieces = android::base::Split(range_text, ",");
-    if (pieces.size() < 3) {
-        goto err;
+  std::vector<std::string> pieces = android::base::Split(range_text, ",");
+  if (pieces.size() < 3) {
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  size_t num;
+  if (!android::base::ParseUint(pieces[0], &num, static_cast<size_t>(INT_MAX))) {
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  if (num == 0 || num % 2) {
+    goto err;  // must be even
+  } else if (num != pieces.size() - 1) {
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  rs.pos.resize(num);
+  rs.count = num / 2;
+  rs.size = 0;
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i += 2) {
+    if (!android::base::ParseUint(pieces[i + 1], &rs.pos[i], static_cast<size_t>(INT_MAX))) {
+      goto err;
     }
 
-    size_t num;
-    if (!android::base::ParseUint(pieces[0].c_str(), &num, static_cast<size_t>(INT_MAX))) {
-        goto err;
+    if (!android::base::ParseUint(pieces[i + 2], &rs.pos[i + 1], static_cast<size_t>(INT_MAX))) {
+      goto err;
     }
 
-    if (num == 0 || num % 2) {
-        goto err; // must be even
-    } else if (num != pieces.size() - 1) {
-        goto err;
+    if (rs.pos[i] >= rs.pos[i + 1]) {
+      goto err;  // empty or negative range
     }
 
-    rs.pos.resize(num);
-    rs.count = num / 2;
-    rs.size = 0;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i += 2) {
-        if (!android::base::ParseUint(pieces[i+1].c_str(), &rs.pos[i],
-                                      static_cast<size_t>(INT_MAX))) {
-            goto err;
-        }
-
-        if (!android::base::ParseUint(pieces[i+2].c_str(), &rs.pos[i+1],
-                                      static_cast<size_t>(INT_MAX))) {
-            goto err;
-        }
-
-        if (rs.pos[i] >= rs.pos[i+1]) {
-            goto err; // empty or negative range
-        }
-
-        size_t sz = rs.pos[i+1] - rs.pos[i];
-        if (rs.size > SIZE_MAX - sz) {
-            goto err; // overflow
-        }
-
-        rs.size += sz;
+    size_t sz = rs.pos[i + 1] - rs.pos[i];
+    if (rs.size > SIZE_MAX - sz) {
+      goto err;  // overflow
     }
 
-    return;
+    rs.size += sz;
+  }
+
+  return rs;
 
 err:
-    LOG(ERROR) << "failed to parse range '" << range_text << "'";
-    exit(1);
+  LOG(ERROR) << "failed to parse range '" << range_text << "'";
+  exit(1);
 }
 
 static bool range_overlaps(const RangeSet& r1, const RangeSet& r2) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < r1.count; ++i) {
-        size_t r1_0 = r1.pos[i * 2];
-        size_t r1_1 = r1.pos[i * 2 + 1];
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < r1.count; ++i) {
+    size_t r1_0 = r1.pos[i * 2];
+    size_t r1_1 = r1.pos[i * 2 + 1];
 
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < r2.count; ++j) {
-            size_t r2_0 = r2.pos[j * 2];
-            size_t r2_1 = r2.pos[j * 2 + 1];
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < r2.count; ++j) {
+      size_t r2_0 = r2.pos[j * 2];
+      size_t r2_1 = r2.pos[j * 2 + 1];
 
-            if (!(r2_0 >= r1_1 || r1_0 >= r2_1)) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
+      if (!(r2_0 >= r1_1 || r1_0 >= r2_1)) {
+        return true;
+      }
     }
+  }
 
-    return false;
+  return false;
 }
 
 static int read_all(int fd, uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
@@ -430,11 +429,10 @@
     }
 
     // <src_range>
-    RangeSet src;
-    parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++], src);
+    RangeSet src = parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++]);
 
     // <tgt_range>
-    parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++], tgt);
+    tgt = parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++]);
 
     allocate(src.size * BLOCKSIZE, buffer);
     int rc = ReadBlocks(src, buffer, fd);
@@ -790,8 +788,7 @@
         return 0;
     }
 
-    RangeSet src;
-    parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++], src);
+    RangeSet src = parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++]);
 
     allocate(src.size * BLOCKSIZE, buffer);
     if (ReadBlocks(src, buffer, fd) == -1) {
@@ -875,7 +872,7 @@
     }
 
     // <tgt_range>
-    parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++], tgt);
+    tgt = parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++]);
 
     // <src_block_count>
     const std::string& token = params.tokens[params.cpos++];
@@ -891,8 +888,7 @@
         // no source ranges, only stashes
         params.cpos++;
     } else {
-        RangeSet src;
-        parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++], src);
+        RangeSet src = parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++]);
         int res = ReadBlocks(src, buffer, fd);
 
         if (overlap) {
@@ -908,8 +904,7 @@
             return 0;
         }
 
-        RangeSet locs;
-        parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++], locs);
+        RangeSet locs = parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++]);
         MoveRange(buffer, locs, buffer);
     }
 
@@ -934,8 +929,7 @@
             continue;
         }
 
-        RangeSet locs;
-        parse_range(tokens[1], locs);
+        RangeSet locs = parse_range(tokens[1]);
 
         MoveRange(buffer, locs, stash);
     }
@@ -1119,8 +1113,7 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    RangeSet tgt;
-    parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++], tgt);
+    RangeSet tgt = parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++]);
 
     LOG(INFO) << "  zeroing " << tgt.size << " blocks";
 
@@ -1163,8 +1156,7 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    RangeSet tgt;
-    parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++], tgt);
+    RangeSet tgt = parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++]);
 
     if (params.canwrite) {
         LOG(INFO) << " writing " << tgt.size << " blocks of new data";
@@ -1319,8 +1311,7 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    RangeSet tgt;
-    parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++], tgt);
+    RangeSet tgt = parse_range(params.tokens[params.cpos++]);
 
     if (params.canwrite) {
         LOG(INFO) << " erasing " << tgt.size << " blocks";
@@ -1708,8 +1699,7 @@
         return StringValue("");
     }
 
-    RangeSet rs;
-    parse_range(ranges->data, rs);
+    RangeSet rs = parse_range(ranges->data);
 
     SHA_CTX ctx;
     SHA1_Init(&ctx);
@@ -1833,8 +1823,7 @@
         return StringValue("");
     }
 
-    RangeSet rs;
-    parse_range(ranges->data, rs);
+    RangeSet rs = parse_range(ranges->data);
 
     uint8_t buffer[BLOCKSIZE];
 
diff --git a/updater/install.cpp b/updater/install.cpp
index 3cf3877..6431454 100644
--- a/updater/install.cpp
+++ b/updater/install.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <applypatch/applypatch.h>
+#include <bootloader_message/bootloader_message.h>
 #include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/make_ext4fs.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/wipe.h>
@@ -54,8 +56,6 @@
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 #include <ziparchive/zip_archive.h>
 
-#include "applypatch/applypatch.h"
-#include "bootloader.h"
 #include "edify/expr.h"
 #include "error_code.h"
 #include "mounts.h"
diff --git a/wear_ui.cpp b/wear_ui.cpp
index 11e5a71..b4c63a5 100644
--- a/wear_ui.cpp
+++ b/wear_ui.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "wear_ui.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
@@ -25,11 +27,11 @@
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "common.h"
 #include "device.h"
-#include "wear_ui.h"
 #include "android-base/properties.h"
 #include "android-base/strings.h"
 #include "android-base/stringprintf.h"
@@ -204,49 +206,48 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool WearRecoveryUI::Init() {
-    if (!ScreenRecoveryUI::Init()) {
-        return false;
-    }
+bool WearRecoveryUI::Init(const std::string& locale) {
+  if (!ScreenRecoveryUI::Init(locale)) {
+    return false;
+  }
 
-    LoadBitmap("icon_installing", &backgroundIcon[INSTALLING_UPDATE]);
-    backgroundIcon[ERASING] = backgroundIcon[INSTALLING_UPDATE];
-    LoadBitmap("icon_error", &backgroundIcon[ERROR]);
-    backgroundIcon[NO_COMMAND] = backgroundIcon[ERROR];
-    return true;
+  LoadBitmap("icon_error", &backgroundIcon[ERROR]);
+  backgroundIcon[NO_COMMAND] = backgroundIcon[ERROR];
+
+  // This leaves backgroundIcon[INSTALLING_UPDATE] and backgroundIcon[ERASING]
+  // as NULL which is fine since draw_background_locked() doesn't use them.
+
+  return true;
 }
 
-void WearRecoveryUI::SetStage(int current, int max)
-{
-}
+void WearRecoveryUI::SetStage(int current, int max) {}
 
-void WearRecoveryUI::Print(const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-    char buf[256];
-    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, fmt);
-    vsnprintf(buf, 256, fmt, ap);
-    va_end(ap);
+void WearRecoveryUI::Print(const char* fmt, ...) {
+  char buf[256];
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, fmt);
+  vsnprintf(buf, 256, fmt, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
 
-    fputs(buf, stdout);
+  fputs(buf, stdout);
 
-    // This can get called before ui_init(), so be careful.
-    pthread_mutex_lock(&updateMutex);
-    if (text_rows_ > 0 && text_cols_ > 0) {
-        char *ptr;
-        for (ptr = buf; *ptr != '\0'; ++ptr) {
-            if (*ptr == '\n' || text_col_ >= text_cols_) {
-                text_[text_row_][text_col_] = '\0';
-                text_col_ = 0;
-                text_row_ = (text_row_ + 1) % text_rows_;
-                if (text_row_ == text_top_) text_top_ = (text_top_ + 1) % text_rows_;
-            }
-            if (*ptr != '\n') text_[text_row_][text_col_++] = *ptr;
-        }
+  // This can get called before ui_init(), so be careful.
+  pthread_mutex_lock(&updateMutex);
+  if (text_rows_ > 0 && text_cols_ > 0) {
+    char* ptr;
+    for (ptr = buf; *ptr != '\0'; ++ptr) {
+      if (*ptr == '\n' || text_col_ >= text_cols_) {
         text_[text_row_][text_col_] = '\0';
-        update_screen_locked();
+        text_col_ = 0;
+        text_row_ = (text_row_ + 1) % text_rows_;
+        if (text_row_ == text_top_) text_top_ = (text_top_ + 1) % text_rows_;
+      }
+      if (*ptr != '\n') text_[text_row_][text_col_++] = *ptr;
     }
-    pthread_mutex_unlock(&updateMutex);
+    text_[text_row_][text_col_] = '\0';
+    update_screen_locked();
+  }
+  pthread_mutex_unlock(&updateMutex);
 }
 
 void WearRecoveryUI::StartMenu(const char* const * headers, const char* const * items,
diff --git a/wear_ui.h b/wear_ui.h
index 5ac6f49..4cd852f 100644
--- a/wear_ui.h
+++ b/wear_ui.h
@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@
 
 #include "screen_ui.h"
 
+#include <string>
+
 class WearRecoveryUI : public ScreenRecoveryUI {
   public:
     WearRecoveryUI();
 
-    bool Init() override;
+    bool Init(const std::string& locale) override;
 
     void SetStage(int current, int max) override;