diff --git a/applypatch/applypatch.cpp b/applypatch/applypatch.cpp
index 2153b5f..41a72eb 100644
--- a/applypatch/applypatch.cpp
+++ b/applypatch/applypatch.cpp
@@ -651,11 +651,11 @@
 
   int result;
   if (use_bsdiff) {
-    result = ApplyBSDiffPatch(source_file.data.data(), source_file.data.size(), patch.get(), 0,
-                              sink, &ctx);
+    result =
+        ApplyBSDiffPatch(source_file.data.data(), source_file.data.size(), *patch, 0, sink, &ctx);
   } else {
-    result = ApplyImagePatch(source_file.data.data(), source_file.data.size(), patch.get(), sink,
-                             &ctx, bonus_data);
+    result = ApplyImagePatch(source_file.data.data(), source_file.data.size(), *patch, sink, &ctx,
+                             bonus_data);
   }
 
   if (result != 0) {
diff --git a/applypatch/bspatch.cpp b/applypatch/bspatch.cpp
index c291464..e969374 100644
--- a/applypatch/bspatch.cpp
+++ b/applypatch/bspatch.cpp
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
         );
 }
 
-int ApplyBSDiffPatch(const unsigned char* old_data, size_t old_size, const Value* patch,
+int ApplyBSDiffPatch(const unsigned char* old_data, size_t old_size, const Value& patch,
                      size_t patch_offset, SinkFn sink, SHA_CTX* ctx) {
   auto sha_sink = [&sink, &ctx](const uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
     len = sink(data, len);
@@ -73,22 +73,20 @@
     return len;
   };
 
-  CHECK(patch != nullptr);
-  CHECK_LE(patch_offset, patch->data.size());
+  CHECK_LE(patch_offset, patch.data.size());
 
   int result = bsdiff::bspatch(old_data, old_size,
-                               reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(&patch->data[patch_offset]),
-                               patch->data.size() - patch_offset, sha_sink);
+                               reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(&patch.data[patch_offset]),
+                               patch.data.size() - patch_offset, sha_sink);
   if (result != 0) {
     LOG(ERROR) << "bspatch failed, result: " << result;
     // print SHA1 of the patch in the case of a data error.
     if (result == 2) {
       uint8_t digest[SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH];
-      SHA1(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(patch->data.data() + patch_offset),
-           patch->data.size() - patch_offset, digest);
+      SHA1(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(patch.data.data() + patch_offset),
+           patch.data.size() - patch_offset, digest);
       std::string patch_sha1 = print_sha1(digest);
-      LOG(ERROR) << "Patch may be corrupted, offset: " << patch_offset << ", SHA1: "
-                 << patch_sha1;
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Patch may be corrupted, offset: " << patch_offset << ", SHA1: " << patch_sha1;
     }
   }
   return result;
diff --git a/applypatch/imgpatch.cpp b/applypatch/imgpatch.cpp
index 25ba0a1..3682d61 100644
--- a/applypatch/imgpatch.cpp
+++ b/applypatch/imgpatch.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 // This function is a wrapper of ApplyBSDiffPatch(). It has a custom sink function to deflate the
 // patched data and stream the deflated data to output.
 static bool ApplyBSDiffPatchAndStreamOutput(const uint8_t* src_data, size_t src_len,
-                                            const Value* patch, size_t patch_offset,
+                                            const Value& patch, size_t patch_offset,
                                             const char* deflate_header, SinkFn sink, SHA_CTX* ctx) {
   size_t expected_target_length = static_cast<size_t>(Read8(deflate_header + 32));
   int level = Read4(deflate_header + 40);
@@ -135,48 +135,39 @@
 int ApplyImagePatch(const unsigned char* old_data, size_t old_size, const unsigned char* patch_data,
                     size_t patch_size, SinkFn sink) {
   Value patch(VAL_BLOB, std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(patch_data), patch_size));
-
-  return ApplyImagePatch(old_data, old_size, &patch, sink, nullptr, nullptr);
+  return ApplyImagePatch(old_data, old_size, patch, sink, nullptr, nullptr);
 }
 
-/*
- * Apply the patch given in 'patch_filename' to the source data given
- * by (old_data, old_size).  Write the patched output to the 'output'
- * file, and update the SHA context with the output data as well.
- * Return 0 on success.
- */
-int ApplyImagePatch(const unsigned char* old_data, size_t old_size, const Value* patch, SinkFn sink,
+int ApplyImagePatch(const unsigned char* old_data, size_t old_size, const Value& patch, SinkFn sink,
                     SHA_CTX* ctx, const Value* bonus_data) {
-  if (patch->data.size() < 12) {
+  if (patch.data.size() < 12) {
     printf("patch too short to contain header\n");
     return -1;
   }
 
-  // IMGDIFF2 uses CHUNK_NORMAL, CHUNK_DEFLATE, and CHUNK_RAW.
-  // (IMGDIFF1, which is no longer supported, used CHUNK_NORMAL and
-  // CHUNK_GZIP.)
-  size_t pos = 12;
-  const char* header = &patch->data[0];
-  if (memcmp(header, "IMGDIFF2", 8) != 0) {
+  // IMGDIFF2 uses CHUNK_NORMAL, CHUNK_DEFLATE, and CHUNK_RAW. (IMGDIFF1, which is no longer
+  // supported, used CHUNK_NORMAL and CHUNK_GZIP.)
+  const char* const patch_header = patch.data.data();
+  if (memcmp(patch_header, "IMGDIFF2", 8) != 0) {
     printf("corrupt patch file header (magic number)\n");
     return -1;
   }
 
-  int num_chunks = Read4(header + 8);
-
+  int num_chunks = Read4(patch_header + 8);
+  size_t pos = 12;
   for (int i = 0; i < num_chunks; ++i) {
     // each chunk's header record starts with 4 bytes.
-    if (pos + 4 > patch->data.size()) {
+    if (pos + 4 > patch.data.size()) {
       printf("failed to read chunk %d record\n", i);
       return -1;
     }
-    int type = Read4(&patch->data[pos]);
+    int type = Read4(patch_header + pos);
     pos += 4;
 
     if (type == CHUNK_NORMAL) {
-      const char* normal_header = &patch->data[pos];
+      const char* normal_header = patch_header + pos;
       pos += 24;
-      if (pos > patch->data.size()) {
+      if (pos > patch.data.size()) {
         printf("failed to read chunk %d normal header data\n", i);
         return -1;
       }
@@ -194,30 +185,32 @@
         return -1;
       }
     } else if (type == CHUNK_RAW) {
-      const char* raw_header = &patch->data[pos];
+      const char* raw_header = patch_header + pos;
       pos += 4;
-      if (pos > patch->data.size()) {
+      if (pos > patch.data.size()) {
         printf("failed to read chunk %d raw header data\n", i);
         return -1;
       }
 
       size_t data_len = static_cast<size_t>(Read4(raw_header));
 
-      if (pos + data_len > patch->data.size()) {
+      if (pos + data_len > patch.data.size()) {
         printf("failed to read chunk %d raw data\n", i);
         return -1;
       }
-      if (ctx) SHA1_Update(ctx, &patch->data[pos], data_len);
-      if (sink(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(&patch->data[pos]), data_len) != data_len) {
+      if (ctx) {
+        SHA1_Update(ctx, patch_header + pos, data_len);
+      }
+      if (sink(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(patch_header + pos), data_len) != data_len) {
         printf("failed to write chunk %d raw data\n", i);
         return -1;
       }
       pos += data_len;
     } else if (type == CHUNK_DEFLATE) {
       // deflate chunks have an additional 60 bytes in their chunk header.
-      const char* deflate_header = &patch->data[pos];
+      const char* deflate_header = patch_header + pos;
       pos += 60;
-      if (pos > patch->data.size()) {
+      if (pos > patch.data.size()) {
         printf("failed to read chunk %d deflate header data\n", i);
         return -1;
       }
diff --git a/applypatch/include/applypatch/applypatch.h b/applypatch/include/applypatch/applypatch.h
index bcb8a41..6d7ffd7 100644
--- a/applypatch/include/applypatch/applypatch.h
+++ b/applypatch/include/applypatch/applypatch.h
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 using SinkFn = std::function<size_t(const unsigned char*, size_t)>;
 
 // applypatch.cpp
+
 int ShowLicenses();
 size_t FreeSpaceForFile(const char* filename);
 int CacheSizeCheck(size_t bytes);
@@ -66,15 +67,25 @@
 int SaveFileContents(const char* filename, const FileContents* file);
 
 // bspatch.cpp
+
 void ShowBSDiffLicense();
-int ApplyBSDiffPatch(const unsigned char* old_data, size_t old_size, const Value* patch,
+
+// Applies the bsdiff-patch given in 'patch' (from offset 'patch_offset' to the end) to the source
+// data given by (old_data, old_size). Writes the patched output through the given 'sink', and
+// updates the SHA-1 context with the output data. Returns 0 on success.
+int ApplyBSDiffPatch(const unsigned char* old_data, size_t old_size, const Value& patch,
                      size_t patch_offset, SinkFn sink, SHA_CTX* ctx);
 
 // imgpatch.cpp
-int ApplyImagePatch(const unsigned char* old_data, size_t old_size, const Value* patch, SinkFn sink,
+
+// Applies the imgdiff-patch given in 'patch' to the source data given by (old_data, old_size), with
+// the optional bonus data. Writes the patched output through the given 'sink', and updates the
+// SHA-1 context with the output data. Returns 0 on success.
+int ApplyImagePatch(const unsigned char* old_data, size_t old_size, const Value& patch, SinkFn sink,
                     SHA_CTX* ctx, const Value* bonus_data);
 
 // freecache.cpp
+
 int MakeFreeSpaceOnCache(size_t bytes_needed);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/updater/blockimg.cpp b/updater/blockimg.cpp
index 1c931af..08f9930 100644
--- a/updater/blockimg.cpp
+++ b/updater/blockimg.cpp
@@ -1318,7 +1318,7 @@
 
       RangeSinkWriter writer(params.fd, tgt);
       if (params.cmdname[0] == 'i') {  // imgdiff
-        if (ApplyImagePatch(params.buffer.data(), blocks * BLOCKSIZE, &patch_value,
+        if (ApplyImagePatch(params.buffer.data(), blocks * BLOCKSIZE, patch_value,
                             std::bind(&RangeSinkWriter::Write, &writer, std::placeholders::_1,
                                       std::placeholders::_2),
                             nullptr, nullptr) != 0) {
@@ -1327,7 +1327,7 @@
           return -1;
         }
       } else {
-        if (ApplyBSDiffPatch(params.buffer.data(), blocks * BLOCKSIZE, &patch_value, 0,
+        if (ApplyBSDiffPatch(params.buffer.data(), blocks * BLOCKSIZE, patch_value, 0,
                              std::bind(&RangeSinkWriter::Write, &writer, std::placeholders::_1,
                                        std::placeholders::_2),
                              nullptr) != 0) {